It was reported on March 13th that Spain’s "Fun" monthly issue December 2021 published entitled "What happened to me, Dr. Dog?" "The article, the author is Burello Hesse Barreche, the full text is as follows: more and more animals such as dogs, pigeons and mice are used for clinical medicine and research to help diagnose diseases.
If they are specially trained, their excellent sense of smell and keen vision makes them more accurately discover diseases than many human experts. The diagnosis of many cancers is based on human vision: biopsy samples are placed under a microscope, and pathologists check whether it shows worrying features. Another series of analysis may be performed after the evaluation of tissue pathologists to help guide the final diagnosis.
This basic test may be very important, but there is always a possibility of artificial errors behind it or limited by our own vision.
This is why two support lines are supporting medical professionals.
On the one hand, we have an advanced computer image processing system based on neural networks. Although they are still in the experimental stage, they may begin to be used as a support system for the diagnostic department within a few years; on the other hand Animals that have been trained, such as pigeons, dogs and mice. Hope: Pigeon diagnosed with super visual cancer in the first half of the 20th century. American psychologist Berryus Frederik Skinner developed various strategies to achieve the so -called operating conditions reflection in psychology. Through a series of positive reinforcement (rewards) or negative strengthening (punishment), he successfully made a certain specific behavior in the experiment, which is the Skinna box that people later well known.
For many practical reasons, a large number of experiments in Skinner were made with pigeons.
Therefore, pigeons have become reference models when scientists can study whether they can teach animals to do something. For example, when the health organizations and cancerous tissues in distinguishing X -ray and digital micro -photos, the accuracy of pigeons is as high as 99%. Reference News Network reported on March 13 that Spain’s "Fun" Monthly December 2021 published entitled "What happened to me, Dr. Dog?" "The article, the author is Burello Hesse Barreche, the full text is as follows: more and more animals such as dogs, pigeons and mice are used for clinical medicine and research to help diagnose diseases.
If they are specially trained, their excellent sense of smell and keen vision makes them more accurately discover diseases than many human experts.
The diagnosis of many cancers is based on human vision: biopsy samples are placed under a microscope, and pathologists check whether it shows worrying features. Another series of analysis may be performed after the evaluation of tissue pathologists to help guide the final diagnosis.
This basic test may be very important, but there is always a possibility of artificial errors behind it or limited by our own vision. This is why two support lines are supporting medical professionals. On the one hand, we have an advanced computer image processing system based on neural networks. Although they are still in the experimental stage, they may begin to be used as a support system for the diagnostic department within a few years; on the other hand Animals that have been trained, such as pigeons, dogs and mice.
Hope: Pigeon diagnosed with super visual cancer in the first half of the 20th century. American psychologist Berryus Frederik Skinner developed various strategies to achieve the so -called operating conditions reflection in psychology.
Through a series of positive reinforcement (rewards) or negative strengthening (punishment), he successfully made a certain specific behavior in the experiment, which is the Skinna box that people later well known. For many practical reasons, a large number of experiments in Skinner were made with pigeons. Therefore, pigeons have become reference models when scientists can study whether they can teach animals to do something. For example, when the health organizations and cancerous tissues in distinguishing X -ray and digital micro -photos, the accuracy of pigeons is as high as 99%.
Researchers at the University of California, the University of California, have previously conducted experiments that pigeons can learn how to identify the healthy or cancerous breast tissue in the image.
Researchers said that through some training, pigeons performed as well as people in the number of digital micro -photos and X -rays of human breast tissues and X -rays. Studies believe that with the continuous innovation of medical imaging technology, pigeons can help researchers and engineers evaluate new imaging technology.
One of the most interesting features when studying animal vision levels is to analyze whether it can generate and memory visual objects. Earlier studies have shown that the pigeon’s visual ability is very good, and it can recognize the people’s faces, letters in the alphabet, and even distinguish between Monet and Picasso’s paintings. Wen: Dogs can smell a variety of diseases. However, not all the key lies in visual ability, and pigeons are not the only animals that can be a doctor diagnosed by doctors. Humans do have a very strong visual ability, but the sense of smell is not our strength, especially compared with other mammals. For example, the dog’s nose is about 300 million smell receptors, while human nose is only 5 million to 6 million.
Therefore, the degree of smell, perception, and sensitivity of dogs cannot be achieved at all.
One of the most important applications is cancer recognition.
As early as 1989, a case of "Liu Ye Dao" magazine published a case. A woman went to seek medical treatment after her pet dog had a weird move after the skin was damaged. As a result, she was diagnosed with skin cancer.
Studies have shown that trained dogs can smell cancer include lung cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer.
In addition to smelling the smell of malignant tumor in urine, dogs can also smell the special smell in the breathing of cancer patients.
A study in 2019 shows that after 8 weeks of training, a Big dog can distinguish the serum sample obtained from patients with malignant lung cancer and healthy people, with an accuracy rate of 97%. Researchers believe that the experimental results may bring better screening and diagnostic solutions, which may change the way of cancer testing.
Detection of cancer is not the only clinical field for training dog doctors. In 2019, the University of Dunti in the United Kingdom issued a research report saying that the trained sniffing dogs can distinguish the smell of children infected and infected with no infection. Researchers cooperated with the Gambian Medical Research Committee to collect samples from Gambia, and trained 4 malaria sniffen dogs at the Research Center. They can smell socks that children with malaria. The experimental results confirmed that the accuracy rate was around 73%. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of malaria are the key to reducing mortality and controlling dissemination.
If the method of disagreeing with the smell is indeed feasible, scientists will develop an artificial odor sensor sooner or later.
But before that, malaria sniffing dogs are expected to become a good helper for customs.
Another major disease of the dog showing the potential of extraordinary olfactory identification is the current new crown pneumonia. In 2020, a study at the University of Hanno Veterinary University and Hannover Medical College showed that the trained dogs could smell the new crown virus, and the accuracy rate was as high as 94%.
Researchers randomly selected saliva samples from more than 1,000 people for experiments. The experimental target was 8 sniffing dogs from the German army; these dogs could distinguish the new crown infected by randomly drawn after receiving only one week of training and unintentional infection. The saliva of the person. Researchers explained that the new coronal virus may completely change the chemicals and metabolism in the infected person’s body, so that their saliva has different odors, and the dog’s sensitive smell can distinguish this smell. Therefore, when we develop an image recognition system or an ultra -advanced electronic nose in clinical diagnosis, it is worth considering the possibility of trained animals to help humans detect health problems.